Avoidant Restrictive Eating Disorder
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder is a new eating disorder that looks different than other disorders like anorexia and bulimia. Kids with ARFID don’t have a distorted image of themselves and aren’t trying to lose weight.
They are afraid of food and have severe restrictions that can lead to medical complications like malnutrition. They may have sensory issues with foods like textures and temperatures.
| What Exactly Are Eating Disorders? |
Symptoms
Avoidant restrictive eating disorder, also known as selective eating or ARFID, is an illness that causes you to restrict your food choices. This can lead to nutritional deficiencies and serious physical problems like choking or vomiting. ARFID isn’t the same as anorexia nervosa because people with ARFID don’t have a distorted body image. People with ARFID can’t easily eat in social situations, and they can’t get all the nutrients they need from their diet.
ARFID symptoms include a limited number of foods you can eat, an inability to tolerate certain textures or flavors, and difficulty digesting food. It’s different from picky eating, which often develops in childhood and goes away without treatment, but it can cause similar issues and has serious consequences for a person’s health. A mental health professional can help you understand and overcome these challenges. They may use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Medications can help too. Some medications can help boost your appetite and make it easier to eat.
Diagnosis
ARFID is more than just being a “picky eater.” Kids with this condition avoid foods based on their texture, color or smell and get extremely upset when they try something new. Often they are so restricted in their eating that they end up with serious nutritional deficiencies and have trouble participating in social activities or going to school.
To diagnose ARFID, doctors will check to see if they’re worried about their weight or body shape (as happens in anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa) and make sure that the person isn’t suffering from another illness or treatment (like radiation or chemotherapy). They’ll also look at how much a child is eating and if they are losing too much weight.
ARFID is a relatively new diagnosis that was added to the DSM-5 four years ago as a reformulation of Feeding Disorder of Infancy and Early Childhood. It captures a range of eating disorders that are characterized by restriction, and does not include a preoccupation with food or concern about weight loss.
Treatment
ARFID may be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps a person gain a healthier relationship with food and curb unhelpful eating habits. People who suffer from ARFID have trouble eating because of sensory concerns, such as fear of unpleasant experiences like choking or vomiting. Unlike picky eating or fussy eating, which often resolves on its own, ARFID is a more persistent, severe condition that can lead to nutritional deficiencies and impaired functioning at all ages.
A health care professional might also prescribe medications that help stimulate appetite, such as antipsychotic drugs or antidepressants. In severe cases of ARFID, a health care provider might recommend a feeding tube so that the patient can receive nutrients directly into their stomach or small intestine.
A health care professional will create an individualized treatment plan that supports each person's medical, nutritional and emotional well-being. By the time they complete outpatient treatment, people with ARFID generally reach a healthy weight and are less dependent on meal monitoring to manage their food intake.
Prevention
ARFID is an eating disorder that affects thousands of people, especially children. Often, clients with this condition experience a lack of interest in food or show a fear of certain foods due to sensory aversions like taste, texture, temperature and smell. They also may have a fear of becoming sick, choking or losing weight from the food they eat. In some cases, clients with this disorder restrict the amount of food they consume based on these negative psychological associations with certain foods and a fear of choking or vomiting.
People who struggle with this condition have a rigid and restrictive pattern of eating that can cause serious health problems. They might lose a lot of weight, or they could have nutritional deficiencies. Many kids with ARFID are viewed as "picky eaters" by their family, but this can lead to severe health issues that won't go away without treatment. This can include gastrointestinal issues, social isolation at mealtimes and family conflict around meals.
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